The Two Spanish Verbs 'To Be'

  • Ser
  • Estar

Ser

  • Ser is the 'passive' or 'permanent' form of 'to be'.
  • It means something 'to be' in nature rather than action.
    • Yo soy Inglés. = I am English.
    • Es callada. = She's introverted.
  • Represents permanent or long-term states.
    • Yo soy casado. = I am married.
    • El es flaco. = He is skinny.
  • Surprisingly also used for the time.
    • Son las dos de la tarde. = It's 2 pm in the afternoon.
    • Es la una. = It is 1:00.
  • Indicates possession.
    • El coche es mío. = The car is mine.
    • Es mi casa. It is my house.

Estar

  • Indicates a state or condition.
    • Estoy muy triste. = I am very sad.
    • Está muy candada. = She is tired.
  • Indicates location.
    • Las torres gemelas estaban en Nueva York. = The towers are in New York.
    • Estamos en casa. = We are at home.
    • Está en el baño. = He is in the bathroom.
  • Used to form a progressive tense.
    • Está cantando. - He is singing.
  • To indicate suitability.
    • La camisa te está pequeño. = The shirt is small for you.

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